Of Mice and Men :: English Literature

Of Mice and Men The novel is about the American Dream, where America is meant to be a land built on promise and opportunity. It promises independence, land and a decent living through honest work. It also means, in theory, that anyone can become successful. The American Stock Market on Wall Street crashed catastrophically in 1929, this led to a massive economic depression in the 1930s.Poverty and starvation stalked California and other stricken states. The migrants were worst off. All of the suffering was much worse if you were black; America was still a highly racist and segregated society. The bunkhouse conditions were not very basic "what the hell kind of bed you giving us anyways. We don't want no pants rabbits." The ranch was obviously not nice. The boss is a bit aggressive and doesn't like George speaking for Lennie "then why don't you let him answer ?"He thinks George is getting something from lennie because migrant workers don't normally travel together''you takin' his pay away form him?" Curley the boss' son is a mean character , he dislikes Lennie from the beginning "well nex' time you answer when you are spoken to." Curley dislikes Lennie because he's not big himself. George's version of the American Dream is to own his own land "if I was bright , if I was even a little bit smart , I'd have my own place." George always knew the dream would fail " I think I knowed we'd never do her." George was possibly only possibly using the American Dream as an escape.The fact that he was fond of the American Dream is evident in the personification he refers to the American Dream as 'her'. Lennie's version of the American Dream is to have his own place ,dog, rabbits and chickens "we're gonna have a dog an' rabbits an chickens.'' Lennie and George have the same dream but approach it in a different way. Candy overhears George and Lennie's plans for a place of their own and decides to become a part of that dream " maybe if I give you guys my money ,you'll let me hoe in the garden even after I ain't no good at." This is probably the happiest and most optimistic bit of the whole book. You start to believe their dream is possible. You know it's a great idea and forget it's a dream , it seems to be changing into a practical plan. Crooks reminisces about his child hood when he could play with white kids " the white kids come to our place , an' sometimes I went to play with them and some of them was pretty nice.

Examples of Research Proposal on Physical Activity and Environmental Perception Essay

Background and Rationale Gender is an important confounder in the epidemiology of physical activity, where men are more physically active than women (Aadahl, Kjaer & Jorgensen, 2007; Azevedo et.al., 2007). Within sport research, the focus on race and religiosity from a social science perspective has for a long time been a marginal research area. The early research on race and sport has been criticised for being ethnocentric (Fleming 1994) with stereotypes like ‘Arabic countries are not interested in sports’ or ‘Muslim girls are constrained by their parents from participating’ and that ‘the level of physical activity among Muslim women is low outside and inside their home’. These need further groundwork examination to determine its accuracy. Researchers have explained the low level of participation of women of Asian and North African origin in sports in Europe as a result of both religious and cultural barriers as well as racism and discrimination within sports organisat ions. For example, it is often argued that Muslim immigrant girls face gender-specific barriers that limit their leisure-time activities, such as household responsibilities. Racism as an explanation for the low level of involvement is currently widely accepted among researchers (Carrington and McDonald 2001). Lovell (1991) found that Asian women are often given less attention and discriminated against in physical education because of teachers’ ideas of Asian girls as passive and frail and therefore not interested in sports. Sport participation has scientifically been proven to provide these benefits: lower risk of getting heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes, lower high blood pressure, reduced anxiety and depression and improved mood. It also helps cope with stress and control weight, provides more energy, promotes better sleep and overall appearance (Moore, 2007). The Purpose of the Study This research aims to identify the kinds and level of physical activity that Bruneian university students do on their daily routine and association of environmental perception from developing country (Brunei) and developed country (United Kingdom). The study will look into the physical activity engagement of the target group within a period of 7 days. Research Question: 1. Are the gender differences in physical activity among Bruneian University students studying in the United Kingdom? 2. Are there differences in perception of the environment between male and female among Bruneian university students in the United Kingdom? Procedures and Protocols This research will be using quantitative methods of data gathering in the form of a survey. Snowball sampling will be used in this research. Approximately 150 Bruneian University students are expected to participate in the survey, consisting of 50% males and 50% females. All Bruneian students must be study in the United Kingdom for at least one year of academic year or two terms (2010/2011). The participants will be volunteers and the age range is from 18 to 59 years old. The participants will be recruited if they show interest in an email sent out from a social networking service (Facebook). The participants will be examined based on their time spent (moderate to vigorous activity) being physically active in the last 7 days, with the data examined through transcription and content analysis as well as environmental perception. Survey Questionnaires This study will use various self-administered survey questionnaires that are designed to determine the kinds of daily physical activity that Bruneian University students engage in as part of their daily routine, especially within a period 7 days. This study will look into the time spent by respondents sitting as an indicator of sedentary behaviour. In each of the four domains, the number of days per week and time per day spent in both moderate and vigorous activity will be recorded. There are three levels of physical activity proposed to classify respondents – ‘low’, ’moderate’, and ‘high’. Another set of questionnaire will be focus on their environmental perception on the environmental factor from Brunei to United Kingdom. The data needed will be derived from direct surveys, opinion or Internet surveys and literature review Data Analysis Methods The physical activity data from the questionnaire will be transformed into energy expenditure estimates as MET. To calculate the weekly physical  activity (MET-h week-1), the number of hours dedicated to each activity class will be multiplied by the speciï ¬ c-MET score for that activity and statistically analysed. This will be used to find significant relationships between and among the data gathered. The data will be analyzed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS). The correlation between physical activity level and environmental perception will be analyzed. Likely Value of Results The results will show us the continuous measure of physical activity and will be reported as median MET-minutes. Median values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) within the time period surveyed. Total scores may also be calculated for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) for each domain (work, transport, domestic and garden, and leisure) to provide an aggregate summary of the data. The result of this study can be use as an intervention for Bruneian students that study in UK or any other country in order to improve their health and physical activity. References: Carrington B, and McDonald, I (2001).â€Å"Race,† sport and British society. London. Fleming, S. (1994). Sport and South Asian youth: the perils of ‘false universalism’ and stereotyping. Leisure Studies 13(3), pp. 159–177. Moore, K. (2004). Muslim Women Athletes Move Ahead, But Don’t Leave Faith Behind. Physical Activity. Lovel. T (1991), Sport, racism and young women, in G. Jarvie (ed.), Sport, racism and ethnicity, London 58–73. Aadahl M, Kjaer M, Jorgensen T. (2007) Influence of time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers. The Inter 99 Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil ; 14: 660-5. Azevedo MR, Araujo CL, Reichert FF, Siqueira FV, da Silva MC, Hallal PC. (2007). Gender differences in leisure-time and physical activity. International Journal of Public Health; 52: 8-15.

Women Rights Movement in Argentina

Women Rights Movement in Argentina Current research is examining the main purpose and objectives of the women rights movement in Argentina. Moreover, the detailed conceptualization of the crucial principles is described through the prism of the thorough analysis of the literature resources and includes the explanation of the various aspects that have conditioned its foundation. In addition, the investigation includes a wide specter of instances that are articulated by the historical, cultural and human factors that influenced women rights movement appearance. The case of Argentina becomes a centralized example of feminist achievements. The Universal Declaration of Human rights, adopted by the United Nations was a great promotion of understanding the phenomenon of freedom. Therefore, it is necessary to underscore the fact that they believed that the ideal of equal rights should be applied internationally (Walter, 19). As a result, this declaration (1948) did not prove its initial goal and the United Nations adopted another Convention in 1979. This document stressed that women are not equal with men because of the motherhood factor that can easily affect the employment issue and become a burden of female realization that required special attention (article 11 of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Woman). The CEDAW document has become an extremely significant challenge to the world community and provoked the awakening of the new force around the world. The universal rights paradigm had to become practicable, but the interpretation of it was obsolete. The Globalization processes have rapidly spread through the world and involved the modernization of moral values standards. For instance, Denmark female population had more privileges and rights in comparison with other European countries. The entry into the European Union was a great step on the way to overcome the stability and improve the system of national governance and economy. Fortunately, the fears of women to lose their freedom did not materialize. Thus, the globalization has opened gates of employment to the female. Transnational corporations offered a wide range of working places for women and made the national sovereignty weaker to resist their policy (Walter, 21). The Third World countries gained a chance to influence their welfare. The lack of economic options hindered the development of the women individuals. On the one hand, transnational corporations empowered them with the ability to work and to have own choice of controlling the personal budget, but, on the other h and, they were put under abusive working conditions in order to have their share in the society (Walter, 21). Although, the internalization of the women rights movement has gradually developed around the world, but there is still a controversy that claims this concept to infringe upon different cultural values and religion factor. The unique instance is Indian women protest against dowry issue. They assert that dowry in their society has become a problem because husbands may only take a marriage to get a financial benefit and later kill their brides (Walter, 22). The phenomenon of domestic violence is also a complexity that has been observed in other countries. Dowry deaths are the bright example of the universal women rights violation and should be eliminated from cultural practice of India and other countries, which have obsolete traditions. This statement includes a number of Arab and African countries because of their well-known reputation to ignore the universal behavioral norms. Argentina is a state that has relatively high level of life standard, but, it is important to emphasize that, approximately 25 percent live in poverty according to Lyn Walter research that poses the question of this factor as a general leverage of women welfare problematic solution. Considering the historical retrospective analysis of Argentina, it is necessary to point that in 1852 the female rights issue was not even mentioned or discussed at all (Walter, 2). The peculiar fact was that married woman could not administer her property or to be a witness without a permission of her husband. In 1896, the socialist party supported the specific measures, which protected women rights. They took care of the working issue of mothers and forbade a multitude of practices that endangered motherhood. Furthermore, the program of 1907 proclaimed that women can vote and have the equal salary to men. It was the real advance of the regulations and practices for that time. Carliona Muzilli Gabriela Laperriere de Coni and other famous feminists of that period wrote the newspaper referred to the working conditions report section describing woman and children working conditions (Walter, 4). Accompanied by other feminists they have created the Centro Socialista Feminino group that was primarily focused on educational lectures for women (Walter, 4). The XX century beginning was a difficult period for Argentina because of the growing debate on the issue of a landowning aristocracy to control the problem of the immigrants (especially the prostitutes of European origin) and working-class female and children health policy problematic resolution and amelioration (Walter, 4). A chaos took over the system and it was a tangled task to complete. Finally, the Law 11.317 was implemented in 1924 and it has regulated the issue of eight-hour work for the woman, workbook demand and forbade the pregnancy to be a reason for firing (Walter, 4). However, the society was not reluctant to abide such rules, but these norms were partially incorporated into the general order. Hence, the women were not assumed to be children with limited abilities or intelligence as they were treated in XIX century. Cecilia Grierson was one of the Argentina’s first feminist who had higher education and attended the meeting of International Council for Woman in London. She made every possible effort to found the National Council for Woman in her country, but, unfortunately, she was not able to make it a suffragist organization (Walter, 5). Thus, she managed to build a great philanthropic organization, which supported an educational idea and process for women in Argentina. It was a big achievement to criticize the subordination and to break the silence of issues that deserved to be opened to the public. The XX century feminists were only a small group of the brave personalities who wanted to boost the perspectives baked for next generations. 1910, Cecilia Grierson’s organization held the First International Feminine Congress in Buenos Aires. The raised the problematic of female legal status, education necessity, suffrage and other (Walter, 5). The case of Argentina women rights movement history is, probably the most successful example of the progress in this field. They have made a great input in democratization processes and took the persuasive position in the promotion of their concept. The Peronist party government had absolutely supported and granted female their full political rights (Walter, 1). Madres de Plaza de Mayo group did every possible effort to enhance the democratization of their country and to protest the horrible fact of the children disappearance in Argentina (Walter, 1). After 1983, the feminist movement was literally unleashed and occupied of political, economic and legal spheres. They strived to ratify the women rights convention of the United Nations and assailed their opponents with the perfectly logical initiatives. The rapid modernization facilitated the negative consequences and results possibility that served a key to evolving new positions according to the obsolete regime and stereotypical order that prosecuted female for their will to be free. There were literally no borders of sympathy or understanding and women had to create a safety barrier for themselves. Furthermore, there was no need to put the cart before the horse in defending of actual inevitability that leads to the contemporary globalized democracy. Consequently, all of the limited traditions and principles were replaced with the new standards and it became a merit of courageous female individuals who broke the clichà ©. Finally, this research introduces an analysis of the movement for women rights through the multitude of instances describes in Lynn Walter work. Moreover, the historic retrospective correlations fill this investigation with a specific thoughtful approach that reveals real conditions of the movement formation. In addition, the clear structural scheme of the informational examination becomes a basis for the general awareness in the current case. The evaluation of measures taken by the feminist movement in Argentina deduces that it was, probably, the most successful organization to protect women rights, according to their achievements in the difficult time and regime realities.